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创伤后遗症会传给后代子孙吗 [复制链接]

1#

Canthelegacyoftraumabepasseddownthegenerations?

创伤后遗症会传给后代子孙吗?

In,nearingtheendoftheUSCivilWar,conditionsintheConfederateprisonerofwarcampswereattheirworst.Therewassuchovercrowdinginsomecampsthattheprisoners,UnionArmysoldiersfromthenorth,eachhadthesquarefootageofagrave.Prisonerdeathratessoared.

年,美国内战已近尾声,南方*战俘营的条件极其恶劣,有些地方人满为患,以至于战俘和北方*士兵,每个人都有一块一平方英尺的墓地,战俘死亡率飙升。

Forthosewhosurvived,theharrowingexperiencesmarkedmanyofthemforlife.Theyreturnedtosocietywithimpairedhealth,worsejobprospectsandshorterlifeexpectancy.Buttheimpactofthesehardshipsdidnotstopwiththosewhoexperiencedit.Italsohadaneffectontheprisoners’childrenandgrandchildren,whichappearedtobepasseddownthemalelineoffamilies.

对于幸存者来说,这些惨痛的经历影响了他们当中许多人的一生。当他们重返社会时,身体垮了,工作比别人难找,去世得也早。但这些苦难造成的影响并没有随着亲历者的逝去而停止,那些战俘的子孙也受到影响,而且似乎是传男不传女。

WhiletheirsonsandgrandsonshadnotsufferedthehardshipsofthePoWcamps–andifanythingwerewellprovidedforthroughtheirchildhoods–theysufferedhigherratesofmortalitythanthewiderpopulation.ItappearedthePoWshadpassedonsomeelementoftheirtraumatotheiroffspring.

虽然他们的子孙并没有亲历战俘营的苦难,但即便童年衣食无虞,死亡率还是比其他人高。战俘似乎是把自己的一些创伤因素传给了后代。

Butunlikemostinheritedconditions,thiswasnotcausedbymutationstothegeneticcodeitself.Instead,theresearcherswereinvestigatingamuchmoreobscuretypeofinheritance:howeventsinsomeone’slifetimecanchangethewaytheirDNAisexpressed,andhowthatchangecanbepassedontothenextgeneration.

但与大多数遗传不同的是,这并非是由遗传编码本身的突变所引起。研究人员正在研究一种更隐秘的遗传:人这一生中发生的事情如何改变了DNA的表达方式,以及这种改变是如何传给下一代的。

Thisistheprocessofepigenetics,wherethereadability,orexpression,ofgenesismodifiedwithoutchangingtheDNAcodeitself.TinychemicaltagsareaddedtoorremovedfromourDNAinresponsetochangesintheenvironmentinwhichweareliving.Thesetagsturngenesonoroff,offeringawayofadaptingtochangingconditionswithoutinflictingamorepermanentshiftinourgenomes.

这个过程名为表观遗传,即在DNA编码本身不变的情况下,基因的可读性或表达发生变化。当生活环境发生改变,我们的DNA会做出细微的化学反应。这些反应将基因打开或者关闭,提供了一种方法,能让我们适应不断变化的环境,而不会对基因组造成更为持久的改变。

Butiftheseepigeneticchangesacquiredduringlifecanindeedalsobepassedontolatergenerations,theimplicationswouldbehuge.Yourexperiencesduringyourlifetime–particularlytraumaticones–wouldhaveaveryrealimpactonyourfamilyforgenerationsto

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